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Tiwari, P. S.
- Effect of Drying Conditions on Ascorbic Acid Content of Spinach
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Authors
P. S. Tiwari
1,
Samsher
2
Affiliations
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (SVBP. University of Agriculture and Technology), Pilibhit U.P., IN
2 Department of Agricultural Engineering and Food Technology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology,Meerut U.P., IN
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (SVBP. University of Agriculture and Technology), Pilibhit U.P., IN
2 Department of Agricultural Engineering and Food Technology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology,Meerut U.P., IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 6, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 509–513Abstract
Fresh spinach were dehydrated in mechanical tray dryer and open sun drying after pretreatment by (i) Dipping in solution containing 0.1% magnesium chloride, 0.1% sodium bicarbonate and 2% potassium metabisulphite in distilled water for 15 min. at room temperature (ii) Blanching in boiling water for 2 min (iii) Blanching in boiling water containing 0.5% sodium metabisulphite for 2 min. The ratio of spinach to pretreatment mixture was maintained at 1:5 (w/w). Pretreated spinach samples were dehydrated in mechanical tray dryer at 40, 50, 60 and 700C temperatures and in open sun drying with loading density 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 kg/m2. It was found that maximum ascorbic acid content (36.893 mg/100g) was in chemical treated sample dried at 40 0C temperature and 3.0 kg/m2 loading density whereas minimum (25.591mg/g tissue) was obtained in blanched sample dried at 70 0C and 2.0 kg/m2 loading density in tray dryer. However, in case of open sun drying, the maximum (16.637 mg/g tissue) and minimum (11.775 mg/g tissue) was obtained in chemical treated and 3.0 kg loading density and blanched sample and 2.0 kg loading density, respectively, The loss in ascorbic acid content when compared with fresh sample was found in the range of 50.295% to 65.522% which indicates more losses at higher drying temperatures. The maximum value corresponds to the processing condition of temperature 50 0C, chemical treated sample at 2.5 kg/m2 loading density having a score of 9.0, while corresponding conditions for minimum score were for 70 0C and blanched at 3.0 kg/m2 loading density. It was observed that at lower temperature colour was acceptable.Further, best three samples were chosen from sensory evaluation for 180 days storage period.The total loss of ascorbic acid during storage were found as 65.195%, 60.719% and 64.701% in 50 0C, 2.5 kg/m2 loading density, chemical treated, 40 0C, 3.0 kg/m2 loading, density chemical treated and 60 0C, 2.0 kg/m2 loading density, chemical treated samples, respectively.The product quality on the basis of sensory evaluation and storage were found to be most acceptable when spinach were treated with solution of 0.1% MgCl2 + 0.1% NaHCO3+ 2% KMS, with dried at 50 0C and 2.5 kg/m2 loading density.Keywords
Blanching, Loading Density, Tray Dryer, Open Sun, Rehydration Ratio, Coefficient Of Rehydration, Moisture Contents
- Yield Prediction in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using Spectral Reflectance Indices
Abstract Views :187 |
PDF Views:78
Authors
N. S. Chandel
1,
P. S. Tiwari
1,
K. P. Singh
1,
D. Jat
1,
B. B. Gaikwad
1,
H. Tripathi
1,
K. Golhani
1
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal - 462 038, IN
1 ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal - 462 038, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 272-278Abstract
Influence of nitrogen on vegetative growth of wheat is significant, and can be monitored and assessed using vegetation indices derived from canopy reflectance at different phenological growth stages. The aim of the present work was to establish a regression model for yield prediction of wheat using spectral reflectance indices (SRIs), normalized difference nitrogen index (NDNI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference water index (NDWI) and soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) for selected phenological growth stages of wheat. The canopy spectral reflectance was recorded during three winter seasons (2014–2017) for irrigated wheat. A hyperspectral library of canopy reflectance was developed, which enables the study of spectra independent of different nitrogen management practices. It indicated that the precise level of nitrogen for irrigated wheat may be 90 kg ha-1 in vertisols under agro-climatic of central India. Coefficient of variation (CV) was determined based on significance test between eight levels of nitrogen and SRI values. On the basis of CV, NDVI and NDWI were selected among the four spectral indices for the study of correlation between grain and biomass yields and nitrogen levels for four growth stages, viz. tillering, booting, heading and milking. A regression model was developed to find the best representative stage for yield prediction among the four stages. The regression model indicated that the relations of NDVI with grain and biomass yields were stronger in the heading stage, and it resulted in 96% accurate estimation of grain and biomass yields in irrigated wheat.Keywords
Nitrogen Management, Spectral Reflectance, Vegetation Indices, Wheat, Yield Estimation.Full Text
References
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- Zhang, J. H., Wang, K., Bailey, J. S. and Wang, R. C., Predicting nitrogen status of rice using multispectral data at canopy scale. Pedosphere, 2006, 16, 108-117.
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- Jia, L. L., Buerkert, A., Chen, X. P., Romheld, V. and Zhang, F. S., Low altitude aerial photography for optimum N fertilization of winter wheat on the North China Plain. Field Crops Res., 2004, 89, 389-395.
- Osborne, S. L., Schcpcr, J. S., Frdncis, D. D. and Schlcmmcr, M. R., Detection of phosphorous and nitrogen deficiencies in corn using spectral radiance measurement. Agronomy J., 2002, 94, 1215- 1221.
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- Gontia, N. and Tiwari, K., Yield estimation model and water productivity of wheat crop (Triricum aestivum) in an irrigated command using remote sensing and GIS. J. Indian Soc. Remote Sensing, 2011, 39(1), 27-37.
- Gao, B., NDWI a normalized difference water index for remote sensing of vegetation liquid water from Space. Remote Sensing Environ., 1996, 58, 257-266.
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- Enhancement of Pulse Production through Front Line Demonstrations
Abstract Views :236 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Krishi Vighyan Kendra (S.V.P.U.A.&T.), Muradnager, Ghaziabad, Hasinapur, Meerut (U.P.), IN
1 Krishi Vighyan Kendra (S.V.P.U.A.&T.), Muradnager, Ghaziabad, Hasinapur, Meerut (U.P.), IN
Source
Agriculture Update, Vol 14, No 4 (2019), Pagination: 314-318Abstract
Field demonstrations were conducted in Rabi and Kharif season 2015-16 and 2016-17 at Rajapur, Muradnagar and Loni block of Ghaziabad district U.P. under NFSM programme to evaluate the productivity of pulse of different varieties of pigeonpea, blackgram and lentil. It was found that the average yield 15.025 q/ha of Pusa 991 was significantly higher than other varieties, which was 9.76 per cent higher as compared to farmers practice and the net profit was calculated Rs. 1,03,240 per ha. Whereas the average yield 14.20 q/ha was recorded in Pant urd 31 which was found highest in all varieties and it was calculated as 13.24 per cent better as compared to farmers practice (PDU 1) and net profit was recorded as Rs. 71000 / ha. Similarly the average yield obtained from Pusa masoor 5 was 14.91 q/ha which was 28.91 per cent higher than the 4147 (Farmer practice) and net income obtained was Rs. 69778/ha.Keywords
Variety, Yield, Net Income, Cost Benefit Ratio.References
- Singh, Lakhan, Singh, Atar and Prasad, R. (2005). Response of demonstration on pulses yield at KVK in Uttar Pradesh paper presented in 3rd National Ext. Edu. Congress 2005 held at N.D.R.I, Karnal from April 27-29, 2005.
- Yadav, V.P.S.,Kumar, R., Deshwal, A.K, Raman, R.S., Sharma, B.K. and Bhela, S.C. (2005). Boosting pulse production through FLDs. Indian Res. J. Ext. Edu., 17 (2&3), May & Sept 2007.